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--- software:video [2008/06/07 14:03]
cyril
+++ software:video [2024/05/12 22:48] (current)
cyril [ffmpeg]
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ====== Multimedia encoding ======
-===== Windows =====
-VirtualDub
+===== Images =====
-===== Linux =====
+==== convert ====
+=== size operations ===
-==== Video ====
+  * resize: scale image<code>
-=== mencoder ===
+convert in.png -resize 640x480 out.png
+</code>
+  * crop: crop image<code>
+convert in.png -crop 640x480+10+10 out.png
+</code>
+  * extent: add margins or crops<code>
+convert in.png -gravity center -extent 1420x1420       out.png
+convert in.png                 -extent 1420x1420-10-10 out.png
+</code>
+=== Annotate an image with text ===
+Simple text:
+<code>
+convert in.png \
+  -pointsize 20 -fill red -draw 'text 10,30 "My text" ' \
+  out.png
+</code>
+Text with shadow:
+<code>
+convert in.png \
+  -gravity SouthEast \
+  -stroke '#000C' -strokewidth 2 -annotate 0 "My text" \
+  -stroke none    -fill white    -annotate 0 "My text" \
+  out.png
+</code>
+=== Append images ===
+<code>
+convert in1.png in2.png +append out.png # horizontally
+convert in1.png in2.png -append out.png # vertically
+</code>
+More complex:
+<code>
+convert im1.png -resize 640x480 ppm:- \
+	| convert im2.png - +append ppm:- \
+		| convert im3.png - -append final.png
+</code>
+=== Create animated GIF ===
+<code>convert -delay 50 -loop 0 *.jpg out.gif</code>
+=== Formats ===
+  * EPS to RGB:<code>
+convert -density 600x600 -flatten -depth 8 -colorspace RGB file.eps ppm:- | convert - file.png
+</code>
+==== Exif ====
+=== exiftool ===
+  * restore exif Orientation tag: if you have photos captured with a device that sets the orientation tag, but you used a viewer that doesn't use this tag, and rotated the image with a software that doesn't update this tag, then the image is inconsistent and is not well displayed in exif-aware viewers. To reset the orientation tag, you can use the following command:<code>
+exiftool -overwrite_original -Orientation="Horizontal (normal)" <file>
+</code>
+===== Video =====
+==== mencoder ====
 (comes with mplayer).
 [[http://gentoo-wiki.com/HOWTO_Mencoder_Introduction_Guide]]
-Example with xvid codec :
+General syntax:
 <code bash>
 mencoder \
+  <input data> \
+  <input options> \
+  <output options> \
+  <output data>
+</code>
+=== Input data and options ===
+  * Video files<code>
+mencoder \
+  <input_file_1> <input_file_2> ... \
+  <input options> \
+  <output options> \
+  <output data>
+</code>
+  * Image files<code>
+mencoder \
+  "mf://img.o.*.PNG" \
+  -mf fps=25 \
+  <output options> \
+  <output data>
+</code>
+  * Image files from stdin (only works with jpg images, but you can use convert to pipe to mencoder)<code>
+mencoder \
+  - \
+  -demuxer lavf -lavfdopts format=mjpeg \
+  <output options> \
+  <output data>
+</code>
+  * Video filters:
+    * ''-vf yadif=0'' : deinterlace
+    * ''-vf scale=640:480'' : scale video
+    * ''-vf crop=w:h:x:y'' : crop video
+    * ''-vf "crop=640:360:0:60,scale=1280:720"'' : multiple video filters
+    * ''-vf pp=?'' : post processing subfilters
+=== Output data and options ===
+Specify the video codec with ''-ovc'' option, and audio codec with ''-oac'' option. ''copy'' is possible with both.
+  * **xvid** <code>
+mencoder \
+  <input data> \
+  <input options> \
   -ovc xvid -xvidencopts bitrate=800:quant_type=mpeg:gmc:chroma_opt:vhq=4:bvhq=1:trellis \
+  -o <output_file>
+</code>xvid encode options:
+    * ''bitrate=<value>'': constant bitrate, in kbs
+    * ''fixed_quant=<1-31>'': constant quantization (quality), lower is better
+    * ''trellis'' : speeds up encoding
+  * **h264** <code>
+mencoder \
+  <input data> \
+  <input options> \
+  -ovc x264 -x264encopts bitrate=800 \
+  -o <output_file>
+</code>x264 encode options:
+    * ''bitrate=<value>'': constant bitrate, in kbs
+    * ''crf=<1.0-50.0>'': constant quality, lower is better
+  * **WebM** <code>
+mencoder \
+  <input data> \
+  <input options> \
+  -ovc lavc -ffourcc VP80 -of lavf -lavfopts format=webm -lavcopts vcodec=libvpx:vqscale=22.0 \
+  -o <output_file>
+</code>lavc options:
+    * ''vbitrate=<value>'': constant bitrate, in kbs
+    * ''vqscale=<1.0-31.0>'': constant quantization (quality), lower is better
+  * **mp3** <code>
+mencoder \
+  <input data> \
+  <input options> \
   -oac mp3lame -lameopts abr:br=128 \
-  -vf yadif=0 \
+  -o <output_file>
-  K7-1-DV-1.avi K7-1-DV-2.avi -o rush1.avi
 </code>
+=== Other operations ===
-Options :
+  * cut the file (here from 10'00" to 10'30"):<code>
-  * ovc = video codec
+mencoder -ss 10:00 -endpos 30 -ovc copy -oac copy movie.avi -o submovie.avi
-    * trellis : speeds up encoding
+</code>
-  * oac = audio codec
-  * vf = video filters
-    * pp = post processing subfilters
-    * yadif : deinterlace
-=== AviDemux ===
+==== ffmpeg ====
-A GUI easier to use, like VitualDub for Windows.
+  * video codec: ''-c:v libx264'' or ''-c:v libxvid''
+  * audio codec: ''-c:a pcm_s16le'' or ''libmp3lame'' for video codec
+  * codec bitrate: video ''-b:v 800k'', audio ''-b:a 128k''
+  * codec quality: video ''-q:v 20'', audio ''-q:a 90'', x264 ''-crf 20''
-==== Audio ====
+  * crop: ''-vf "crop=640:360:0:60"''
+  * resize: ''-vf "scale=1280:720"''
+  * pad: ''-vf "pad=1280:720:370:0"''
+  * rotate: ''-vf "transpose=2"'' (0=CCW+VF, 1=CW, 2=CCW, 3=CW+VF)
-=== mp3 ===
+  * blur: ''-vf boxblur=10:1''
+  * overlay two videos:<code>
+ffmpeg -i in1.avi -vf "movie=in2.avi [b]; [in][b] overlay=320:0"
+</code><code>
+ffmpeg -i in1.avi -i in2.avi -filter_complex "[0:v][1:v] overlay=320:0"
+</code>
+  * append side by side two videos:<code>
+ffmpeg -i in_left.avi -vf "pad=1280:480 [left]; movie=in_right.avi [right]; [left][right] overlay=640:0" -c:v libx264 -b:v 800k out.avi
+</code>
+  * encode video from images sequence (eg for timelapse):<code>
+ffmpeg -r 50 -i 01/all/image_1_%07d.pgm -c:v libx264 -b:v 800k video_01.avi
+ffmpeg -r 10 -pattern_type glob -i "*.JPG" -c:v libsvtav1 -qp 20 video.mp4
+</code>
+  * cut clip (ss is start time, t is duration):<code>
+ffmpeg -i in.avi -ss 00:00:23 -t 00:00:19 -vcodec copy -acodec copy out.avi
+</code>
+  * render subtitles (requires to be compiled with libass): ''-vf "subtitles=in.srt"''
+  * transform portrait video 640x480 to landscape 1280x720 with blurry repeated sides:<code>
+ffmpeg -i in.avi -filter_complex "[0:v] transpose=2,scale=1280:720,boxblur=10:1 [bg]; [0:v] transpose=2,scale=540:720 [fg]; [bg][fg] overlay=370:0 [out]" -map
+'[out]' -map 0:a -c:v libx264 -b:v 2000k -c:a copy out.avi
+</code>
+==== AviDemux ====
+A GUI easier to use, like VirtualDub for Windows.
+==== PhotoFilmStrip ====
+==== Kdenlive ====
+Tried Openshot and Cinelerra but seem crappy, Kdenlive seems to have better design.
+  * Transitions : works between two video tracks that overlap (eg dissolve).
+  * Audio track volume : add effect "Audio Correction / Volume (keyframable)", then double click to add modification points.
+===== Audio =====
+==== mp3 ====
 => ''lame''
@@ Line 45: / Line 224: @@
 </code>
-=== ogg ===
+=> ''mp3cut''
+To cut an mp3 file (warning: ID3 tags are not copied):
+<code bash>
+mp3cut -o output.mp3 -t 00:00:05+700-00:00:07+800 input.mp3
+</code>
+To concatenate mp3 files:
+<code bash>
+mp3cut -o output.mp3 input1.mp3 input2.mp3 input3.mp3
+</code>
+=> ''id3cp''
+To copy ID3 tags from a file to another one.
+=> ''id3v2''
+To view and edit ID3 tags in command line.
+=> ''kid3''
+To view and edit ID3 tags in GUI.
+==== ogg ====
+(using vorbis-tools package)
 => ''oggenc''
@@ Line 51: / Line 256: @@
 To encode from wav to ogg in "speech" quality :
 <code bash>
-oggenc -b 32 --downmix --resample 22050 file.wav file.ogg
+oggenc -b 32 --downmix --resample 22050 file.wav -o file.ogg
 </code>
@@ Line 57: / Line 262: @@
 <code bash>
 oggdec -b 16 -R file.ogg -o - | oggenc -r -B 16 -C 1 -b 32 --resample 22050 - -o file_recomp.ogg
+</code>
+==== sox ====
+play, record, process
+  * Cut: (start position / length)<code>
+sox in_file.wav out_file.wav trim 2:37:32 4:00
+</code>
+  * Reencode:<code>
+sox in_file.type1 out_file.type2
+sox in_file.type1 -t type2 - | oggenc ...
+</code>
+==== ffmpeg ====
+  * extract sound track from video: <code>
+ffmpeg -i video.avi sound.mp3
 </code>