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Gentoo
Gentoo is a source distribution, very efficient and well done, with a very good documentation and community.
Emerge step-by-step for modifying source
ebuild fluxbox fetch ; to download the package ebuild fluxbox unpack ; to uncompress the sources ; here you can modify sources ebuild fluxbox compile ; to compile ebuild fluxbox install ; to install (first part) ebuild fluxbox qmerge ; to install (second part) ebuild fluxbox clean ; to clean temporary folders
This is exactly equivalent to :
emerge fluxbox