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linux:commands [2008/11/27 22:24]
cyril +monitoring
linux:commands [2013/09/19 16:40] (current)
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-====== Current Commands ======+====== Usual Commands ======
  
 ===== Links ===== ===== Links =====
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 | pwd | print the current path | | pwd | print the current path |
 | which <program> | print the path of the <program> | | which <program> | print the path of the <program> |
 +| write <user> | write messages with a user connected on the same machine |
 ^  Kernel modules  ^^ ^  Kernel modules  ^^
 | lsmod | list modules | | lsmod | list modules |
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 | rc-update add script.sh boot | add the script to the boot level | | rc-update add script.sh boot | add the script to the boot level |
 ^  Manage users  ^^ ^  Manage users  ^^
-| adduser -m -s /bin/zsh -g users cyril | add user cyril, ask creation of his home folder (-m), shell (-s), groups (-g) |+| adduser -m -s /bin/zsh -g <primary-group> <user> | add user, ask creation of his home folder (-m), shell (-s), primary group (-g) |
 | passwd cyril | change the password of user cyril (or yours if no user specified) | | passwd cyril | change the password of user cyril (or yours if no user specified) |
 | groupadd <group> | add a group to the system | | groupadd <group> | add a group to the system |
 | /etc/passwd | contains UID of users, home directory and shell used | | /etc/passwd | contains UID of users, home directory and shell used |
 | /etc/shadow | contains crypted passwords of users | | /etc/shadow | contains crypted passwords of users |
-| /etc/group | contains groups GIDs and list of users in (you can edit it to add users to groups) |+| /etc/group | contains groups GIDs and list of users in 
 +| usermod -a -G <group> <user>add an exisiting user to an existing group | 
 +| chsh -s /bin/zsh | change default shell of user |
 | userdel | delete user | | userdel | delete user |
 | groupdel | delete group | | groupdel | delete group |
 ^  Manage permissions  ^^ ^  Manage permissions  ^^
-| chmod -R [u/g/o/a][+/-/=][r/w/x] <file(s)/folder(s)> | change permissions (user,group,other,all) |+| chmod -R [u/g/o/a][+/-/=][r/w/x/X][,...] <file(s)/folder(s)> | change permissions (user,group,other,all ; read,write,execute,execute clone) |
 | chmod -R 0222 | change permissions (octal : rwx=1+2+4 / ugo) | | chmod -R 0222 | change permissions (octal : rwx=1+2+4 / ugo) |
 | chown -R <owner>:<group> <file(s)/folder(s)> | change owner and group | | chown -R <owner>:<group> <file(s)/folder(s)> | change owner and group |
-^ Monitoring ^^+| chgrp -R <group> <file(s)/folder(s)> | only change group | 
 + Monitoring  ^^
 | top / htop / ps / free | processes (cpu, mem) | | top / htop / ps / free | processes (cpu, mem) |
 | nettop / jnettop | network | | nettop / jnettop | network |
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 | lshw | | | lshw | |
 ^  File content manipulation  ^^ ^  File content manipulation  ^^
 +| ''cat file | head -n 2'' ,   ''cat file | tail -n 2'' |   |
 | ''cat file | grep <string>'' | only print lines containing string (-e for regexp) | | ''cat file | grep <string>'' | only print lines containing string (-e for regexp) |
 | grep -r <string> * | search recursively the string in all files | | grep -r <string> * | search recursively the string in all files |
 | ''cat <file> | cut -d " " -f 1,2,4-10'' | only prints the given fields (-f), obtained with the given delimiter (-d), or the complement (--complement) | | ''cat <file> | cut -d " " -f 1,2,4-10'' | only prints the given fields (-f), obtained with the given delimiter (-d), or the complement (--complement) |
 | ''cat <file> | sed 's/string1/string2/g'' | replace string1 by string2 (and a lot more with sed) | | ''cat <file> | sed 's/string1/string2/g'' | replace string1 by string2 (and a lot more with sed) |
-| perl -pi -e "s/string1/string2/g" <files> | replace string1 by string2 in all files (and a lot more with perl) |+''sed -i 's/string1/string2/g <files>'' | replace string1 by string2 in all files | 
 +| ''echo "Image 10:55.jpg" | sed 's/([0-9]{2}).jpg/\1 #1.jpg/' '' | example with more complex regex | 
 +| ''perl -pi -e "s/string1/string2/g" <files>'' | replace string1 by string2 in all files (and a lot more with perl) 
 +| ''awk 'NR>10 && NR<1000 {print $#}' <file-in>'' | extract lines 10 to 1000 from file-in to file-out | 
 +| ''awk '{ print "[10]("$1","$4","$5","$6")" }' <file-in>'' | reorganize and reformat columns of a file | 
 +| ''awk 'NR==1 { t=$1 } NR>1 { dt=t-$1; t=$1; print dt; }' <file-in>'' | output the difference between two consecutive lines |
 | ''cat <file> | tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]' '' | convert lowercase to uppercase (and a lot more with tr) | | ''cat <file> | tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]' '' | convert lowercase to uppercase (and a lot more with tr) |
 +| ''date +"%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S" | tr '\012' ' ' >> log.log'' | write date in a file without the last line return |
 | ''cat <file> | wc -l'' | count number of lines (and a lot more with wc) | | ''cat <file> | wc -l'' | count number of lines (and a lot more with wc) |
 | iconv -f iso-8859-15 -t utf8 <file> | convert file content from encoding latin9 to utf8 (see also ''recode'') | | iconv -f iso-8859-15 -t utf8 <file> | convert file content from encoding latin9 to utf8 (see also ''recode'') |
 | convmv -f iso-8859-15 -t utf8 -r <folder> | convert file names of files in folder from encoding latin9 to utf8 | | convmv -f iso-8859-15 -t utf8 -r <folder> | convert file names of files in folder from encoding latin9 to utf8 |
 +| paste | merge files by concatenating columns |
 +^  Programming  ^^
 +| nm [-D] / objdump / ldd / readelf [-s] | check infos about link and symbols in exe and libs |
 +| strace | list system calls a program issues |
 +
 +tr '\012' ' '
linux/commands.1227824669.txt.gz · Last modified: 2013/09/19 16:42 (external edit)
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